Assessing the ability of bovine mesenchymal stem cells to grow on okara-based scaffolds derived from soy milk waste

Primary mesenchymal stem cells used in cultured meat production are anchorage-dependent, and therefore require a solid substrate for attachment and proliferation. However, widely used commercial microcarriers are typically composed of synthetic polymers, creating a significant bottleneck as they require complex and costly cell-detachment processes prior to consumption. This study investigated t...