Clinically recommended strategies for nutritional metabolic intervention in cardiac surgery: a narrative review of oral support agents and modulators on postoperative outcomes and mechanisms

BackgroundThe burden of postoperative complications following cardiac surgery remains substantial, and nutritional metabolic intervention represents an important adjunctive strategy.AimTo systematically evaluate the evidence base for oral nutritional supplements and their clinical application strategies.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, ...