Coatings, Vol. 14, Pages 288: An Image Classification Method of Unbalanced Ship Coating Defects Based on DCCVAE-ACWGAN-GP

Coatings, Vol. 14, Pages 288: An Image Classification Method of Unbalanced Ship Coating Defects Based on DCCVAE-ACWGAN-GP

Coatings doi: 10.3390/coatings14030288

Authors: Henan Bu Teng Yang Changzhou Hu Xianpeng Zhu Zikang Ge Honggen Zhou

Affected by the improper operation of the workers, environmental changes during drying and curing or the quality of the paint itself, diverse defects are produced during the process of ship painting. The traditional defect recognition method relies on expert knowledge or experience to detect defects, which is not conducive to ensuring the effectiveness of defect recognition. Therefore, this paper proposes an image generation and recognition model which is suitable for small samples. Based on a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN), the model combines a conditional variational autoencoder (DCCVAE) and auxiliary conditional Wasserstein GAN with gradient penalty (ACWGAN-GP) to gradually expand and generate various coating defect images for solving the overfitting problem due to unbalanced data. The DCNN model is trained based on newly generated image data and original image data so as to build a coating defect image classification model suitable for small samples, which is conducive to improving classification performance. The experimental results showed that our proposed model can achieve up to 92.54% accuracy, an F-score of 88.33%, and a G mean value of 91.93%. Compared with traditional data enhancement methods and classification algorithms, our proposed model can identify various defects in the ship painting process more accurately and consistently, which can provide effective theoretical and technical support for ship painting defect detection and has significant engineering research value and application prospects.