IJMS, Vol. 24, Pages 15688: CAR-T Cell Therapy: From the Shop to Cancer Therapy

IJMS, Vol. 24, Pages 15688: CAR-T Cell Therapy: From the Shop to Cancer Therapy

International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms242115688

Authors: Ashanti Concepción Uscanga-Palomeque Ana Karina Chávez-Escamilla Cynthia Aracely Alvizo-Báez Santiago Saavedra-Alonso Luis Daniel Terrazas-Armendáriz Reyes S. Tamez-Guerra Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla Juan Manuel Alcocer-González

Cancer is a worldwide health problem. Nevertheless, new technologies in the immunotherapy field have emerged. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology is a novel biological form to treat cancer; CAR-T cell genetic engineering has positively revolutionized cancer immunotherapy. In this paper, we review the latest developments in CAR-T in cancer treatment. We present the structure of the different generations and variants of CAR-T cells including TRUCK (T cells redirected for universal cytokine killing. We explain the approaches of the CAR-T cells manufactured ex vivo and in vivo. Moreover, we describe the limitations and areas of opportunity for this immunotherapy and the current challenges of treating hematological and solid cancer using CAR-T technology as well as its constraints and engineering approaches. We summarize other immune cells that have been using CAR technology, such as natural killer (NK), macrophages (M), and dendritic cells (DC). We conclude that CAR-T cells have the potential to treat not only cancer but other chronic diseases.