Pharmaceutics, Vol. 16, Pages 215: Anti-Cariogenic Effects of S. cerevisiae and S. boulardii in S. mutans–C. albicans Cross-Kingdom In Vitro Models

Pharmaceutics, Vol. 16, Pages 215: Anti-Cariogenic Effects of S. cerevisiae and S. boulardii in S. mutans–C. albicans Cross-Kingdom In Vitro Models

Pharmaceutics doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020215

Authors: Dina Yousif Yan Wu Alexandria Azul Gonzales Christa Mathieu Yan Zeng Lee Sample Sabrina Terando Ting Li Jin Xiao

Despite the well-documented health benefits of the probiotic Saccharomyces, its application in oral health has not been comprehensively assessed. Dental caries is a transmissible disease initiated by acid production of cariogenic bacteria and yeast, such as Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, on tooth enamel and followed by subsequent enamel demineralization. Here, we investigated the effect of two Saccharomyces strains (Saccharomyces boulardii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on S. mutans–C. albicans cross-kingdom interactions using a cariogenic planktonic model. Viable cells, pH changes, and gene expression were measured. S. cerevisiae and S. boulardii inhibited the growth of C. albicans in dual- and multi-species conditions at 4, 6, and 20 h. Saccharomyces also inhibited C. albicans hyphal formation. Furthermore, Saccharomyces reduced the acidity of the culture medium, which usually plummeted below pH 5 when S. mutans and C. albicans were present in the model. The presence of Saccharomyces maintained the culture medium above 6 even after overnight incubation, demonstrating a protective potential against dental enamel demineralization. S. boulardii significantly down-regulated S. mutans atpD and eno gene expression. Overall, our results shed light on a new promising candidate, Saccharomyces, for dental caries prevention due to its potential to create a less cariogenic environment marked by a neutral pH and reduced growth of C. albicans.